Imagine waking up to see crores of rupees suddenly appear in your bank account. At first, it might seem like a dream come true. But before you rush to spend a single paisa, understand that such a windfall could land you in serious legal trouble.
This phenomenon is known as a "wrongful credit", and Indian banking laws have clear rules about how to handle it. Here’s what you need to know:
A wrongful credit occurs when money is accidentally deposited into your bank account due to a technical glitch or human error by the bank. It could be someone else’s funds mistakenly transferred to you. Despite the money reflecting in your balance, it does not belong to you.
No. Under Indian law, if funds are mistakenly credited to your account, the rightful owner is the person or entity who sent the money, not you. As per RBI guidelines, unauthorized transactions cannot be considered valid. The bank has the right to reverse the transaction at any time.
If you spend the money, it is considered illegal. The bank can send you a recovery notice, freeze your account, or initiate a legal audit. You will be legally bound to repay the full amount.
Yes. If you knowingly use money that doesn’t belong to you, it falls under Section 403 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), which deals with dishonest misappropriation of property. Penalties include:
Up to 2 years imprisonment
A fine, or
Both
Banks typically start by reversing the transaction. If you don’t cooperate, they can:
Send legal notices
Report the incident to the police
Freeze your account
All transactions are traceable, and once the mistake is caught, the bank can act immediately to recover or block the funds.
Under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 and RBI Master Circulars, banks are empowered to correct or recover any erroneous transactions. If the customer spends the money knowingly, the bank may also prosecute under “intent to defraud.”
If you notice a large sum unexpectedly credited to your account:
Notify your bank immediately
Avoid withdrawing or spending the money
Document your communication for future reference
This protects you from legal complications and proves your honesty and responsibility as a customer.
wrongful credit in bank account India, money credited by mistake legal rules, IPC section 403, RBI guidelines on wrong credit, what to do if excess money comes in account
