Breast cancer is a type of cancer that originates in the cells of the breast. It is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide, although it can also occur in men. The disease typically begins in the ducts or lobules of the breast and can spread to other parts of the body if not detected and treated early.

Breast cancer can manifest in various forms, including ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive ductal carcinoma, and invasive lobular carcinoma, among others. Common risk factors include age, family history, genetic mutations (such as BRCA1 and BRCA2), hormonal influences, lifestyle choices, and certain environmental exposures.

Early detection through regular self-exams, clinical screenings, and mammograms greatly increases the chances of successful treatment. Treatment options vary depending on the stage and type of cancer and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted drug therapy.

Raising awareness about breast cancer, promoting early detection, and supporting ongoing research are crucial in reducing its impact and improving survival rates.

# Lump in the Breast

The most common and widely recognized sign of breast cancer is the presence of a lump in the breast. However, it can also appear as an unusual thickening in a specific area that wasn’t there before.

Statistically speaking, if you divide the breast into four equal sections centered on the nipple, about 45% of breast lumps occur in the upper outer quadrant. The next most frequent location is the upper inner quadrant, accounting for 15% of cases.

Since breast cancer can grow and spread through the lymphatic system, a lump in the armpit area is also a significant warning sign. This is because cancer often spreads to the axillary lymph nodes located there.

# Change in Breast Texture

Breast skin texture can normally range from very smooth to somewhat wrinkled. However, a sudden change in the texture of your breast skin should raise concern—especially if it starts to resemble the dimpled, rough surface of an orange peel.

# Abnormal Changes in Shape or Size

It’s common for breasts to be slightly uneven in size, which is normal if it has been that way since puberty. But if you notice a sudden change in the shape or size of one breast—such as swelling or shrinkage—over a short period, this could be an early sign of breast cancer.

# Breast Dimpling

Breasts come in various shapes and sizes, from perky to sagging, but dimpling is not normal. If you suddenly notice a distinct depression or dimple on any part of your breast, it’s important to consult a gynecologist promptly. While it may not necessarily be cancer, it should never be ignored.

# Nipple Tenderness

Many women experience nipple tenderness during their menstrual cycle, which is normal. However, if this tenderness persists for several weeks, it could indicate an underlying infection, cyst, or even breast cancer.

# Changes in Nipple Texture

Normally, nipples and the surrounding areola have small dots and ridges. If they suddenly become swollen, red, or scaly, this is a cause for concern.

Typically, nipples have two normal appearances: either relaxed and smooth or tight and puckered. However, they should never be inverted or pushed inward. If you notice nipple inversion, it might be due to an underlying lump pulling it inward.

# White or Bloody Nipple Discharge

Finding a bloody discharge from the nipple can be alarming, as can a milky discharge if you are not breastfeeding. While nipple discharge isn’t always a sign of breast cancer and could result from hormonal imbalances or infections, it is still important to get it checked because it is not a normal occurrence.