Bihar has announced 35 percent reservation to women in government jobs
Before the Bihar assembly elections, the state government has announced 35 percent reservation in all state jobs for women. Its decision has been taken in the cabinet meeting chaired by Chief Minister Nitish Kumar. According to this, women native to Bihar will get 35 percent reservation in all government jobs. In Bihar, in government appointments at every level, its benefit will be given only to the native women candidates of Bihar.
Let us know what is the rule of getting reservation for women in the states of the country? How much women reservation is there in which state? What is horizontal and vertical reservation and who gets the benefit of this?
In the country, posts are already reserved for women in government jobs by the central and state governments. In these, posts are reserved for women candidates as well as divorced women candidates and widow women candidates. Only women are appointed on all such posts. Apart from this, in many cases, women are given exemption according to the rules in the maximum age limit at the time of job. According to the category, women get reservation in government jobs.
Governments of different states of the country provide different reservation to women in their government jobs. In this, provision is made for reservation for women in total number of posts as well as age relaxation etc. In many states, 30 to 35 percent reservation is given for women in various government jobs. The Union Home Ministry has also advised all the state governments and union territories to reserve 33 percent posts for women in local police recruitment.
In many states, 30 to 35 percent reservation is given for women in various government jobs. Photo: Getty Images
All state governments give women reservation in total posts. For example, a provision of 30 percent reservation for women has been made in government recruitment in Uttarakhand. The Madhya Pradesh government has recently made a provision of 35 percent reservation in government jobs for women. In UP, 20 percent reservation is given by the state government. After a decision by the Allahabad High Court in July 2019, the system of so many reservation for women in UP has become mandatory.At the same time, 33 percent in Kerala-Karnataka, 33 percent in Telangana-Punjab and 33 percent in Tripura have been reserved in jobs.
Reservation in government jobs and education to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other previous classes is called vertical reservation. This applies separately to different groups fixed under the law. It has been arranged in Article 16 (A) of the Indian Constitution. Candidates of SC/ST, OBC and EWS category are exempted under this reservation in government jobs by the Central and State Governments.
However, there is a difference in reservation given to different categories. In central government jobs, 7.5 percent of ST category candidates, 15 percent to SC category candidates and 27 percent reservation in OBC category candidates are given 27 percent reservation in government jobs. At the same time, 10 percent posts are reserved for EWS category candidates.
However, the category reservation is different in direct recruitment. Under this, the maximum 25.84 percent reservation is given to OBC category, SC 16.66 and ST get 7.5 percent reservation.
Women, retired personnel-officers, transgender communities, disabled etc. are given the benefit of equal opportunity only under the horizontal reservation. This is an opportunity to be given in addition to vertical category. It has been arranged in Article 15 (3) of the Indian Constitution.
A big question also arises whether the benefit of reservation in vertical and horizontal category can be found simultaneously. For example, if a woman belongs to Scheduled Caste, under which quota will she get reservation? The answer is that horizontal quota always applies to each vertical category separately. Suppose if 50 percent of the horizontal quota is fixed for women, then 50 percent of the total scheduled caste candidates should be women.
After passing the Women's Reservation Bill, women reservation has been said in 33 percent seats of Parliament and Legislative Assembly. Although this bill was first introduced in Parliament by the then HD Deve Gowda government in the year 1996, but it was passed in 2023 during the tenure of Prime Minister Narendra Modi -led government.
