Vitamin C , or ascorbic acid, is crucial for immunity, collagen production, wound healing, and overall cellular health. Despite its importance, deficiency remains common, even in high-income countries, especially among hospitalised patients, older adults, smokers, or those with limited access to fresh fruits and vegetables. A 2025 study published in Nutrients examined the prevalence of vitamin C deficiency in hospitalised adults across five Australian metropolitan hospitals.

The study found that deficiency is widespread and linked to fatigue, slow wound healing, bleeding gums, and other clinical complications. Early recognition and intervention are essential to prevent severe outcomes such as scurvy and weakened immunity.

This article explores six early signs of vitamin C deficiency , explains why they occur, and provides guidance on restoring optimal levels through diet and supplementation.



Vitamin C deficiency early signs and symptoms

Persistent fatigue and weakness
One of the earliest signs of vitamin C deficiency is ongoing fatigue. Vitamin C is vital for energy metabolism, and low levels reduce the body’s ability to generate energy efficiently.

Individuals may feel unusually tired even after sufficient rest. Studies confirm that improving vitamin C intake can significantly enhance energy levels, reduce irritability, and improve overall vitality.


Easy bruising
Vitamin C supports collagen production, which strengthens blood vessels. A deficiency weakens blood vessels, making the skin prone to bruising, even from minor impacts.

Clinical studies show that individuals with low vitamin C levels often bruise more easily, highlighting the importance of monitoring intake and replenishing levels through diet or supplements.


Bleeding gums and oral health issues
Bleeding or swollen gums are classic indicators of vitamin C deficiency. Collagen is essential for gum tissue health, and inadequate vitamin C can cause gum inflammation, pain, and bleeding.

Research in Nutrition Reviews emphasises that early dietary correction prevents progression to more serious oral health issues and supports tissue repair.


Dry, rough, or bumpy skin
Vitamin C is critical for skin health, aiding collagen synthesis and protecting against oxidative stress. Deficiency may manifest as dry, rough, or bumpy skin, sometimes associated with keratosis pilaris.

Regularly consuming vitamin C-rich foods can restore skin texture, promote elasticity, and prevent further damage.


Slow wound healing
Vitamin C is essential for tissue repair. Deficiency slows healing of cuts, scrapes, and bruises due to impaired collagen formation.

Studies demonstrate that supplementation in deficient individuals accelerates wound healing, reduces the risk of infection, and supports overall tissue regeneration.


Joint pain and swelling
Vitamin C is necessary for healthy connective tissues. Inadequate intake can lead to joint pain, stiffness, and swelling.
By supporting collagen in cartilage and ligaments, sufficient vitamin C intake helps maintain joint mobility and reduces long-term discomfort.



Vitamin C deficiency can subtly affect the body, manifesting as fatigue, easy bruising, bleeding gums, rough skin, slow wound healing, and joint discomfort. Early recognition is key.

Addressing deficiency with a diet rich in citrus fruits, berries, bell peppers, and leafy greens or supplements when necessary can restore optimal levels, enhance immunity, and prevent serious complications such as scurvy. Regular monitoring and awareness of these early signs are essential for maintaining overall health.



Disclaimer: This article is for general informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider regarding any medical condition or lifestyle change.




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