Countries Without a Supreme Court: In countries like India and America, the Supreme Court is the highest institution, but there are many countries in the world where there is no structure called the Supreme Court. In countries like Germany, France, Russia, Italy, and South Africa, justice is provided by different top courts.

Countries Without Supreme Court: Every country has its own constitution and judicial structure. In India, America and many other countries, whenever there is talk of court, the name of the Supreme Court comes first. This institution not only protects the constitution but also settles major disputes and historical decisions. But there are some countries in the world where there is no institution called Supreme Court. The justice system there works differently. Let us know the model of these countries.

Germany

The supreme judicial system in Germany is divided into two parts. Here the 'Federal Court of Justice' hears general cases, while the 'Federal Constitutional Court' gives decisions on constitutional issues. That is, there is no Supreme Court in Germany, but there are two separate top institutions.

France

The highest appellate court in France is called the 'Court of Cassation'. It examines the decisions of lower courts. At the same time, the 'Constitutional Council' is responsible for matters related to the constitution. There is no unified institution called the Supreme Court here.

Russia

In Russia, the 'Supreme Court of the Russian Federation' looks into general matters, while the 'Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation' interprets the constitution. That is, two parallel supreme institutions handle the justice system.

Switzerland

Here the 'Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland' hears civil, criminal and administrative matters.

Italy

Italy also has a structure like France. Here the 'Court of Cassation' and the 'Constitutional Court' perform their respective responsibilities.

Australia

The highest court in Australia is called the 'High Court of Australia'. It looks into major matters related to the constitution and appeals.

South Africa

In South Africa, the Constitutional Court gives the final decision on constitutional matters, while the Supreme Court of Appeal hears other appeals.