From crispy tandoori fish to spicy Goan curry, buttery fish fry, and delicate Bengali macher jhol, fish is one of the most loved foods on Indian tables. It is rich in omega-3 fatty acids , protein, and essential nutrients, making it a heart-healthy, brain-boosting, and skin-friendly choice. Fish is not just food; it’s a flavourful celebration of India’s coastal and culinary heritage. But here’s the twist, not everyone can enjoy these delicious dishes safely. Mercury, contaminants, and hidden allergens can turn what should be a wholesome meal into a health risk faster than you can say “tandoori machhi.” That is why the FDA has issued clear guidance on who should avoid certain fish and which varieties to skip.

Certain groups of people need to pause before diving into that fish thali, including pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, young children, people with seafood allergies , individuals with compromised immunity, and those on certain medications. Understanding these risks doesn’t mean giving up on seafood altogether. With careful choices and safer alternatives, you can still enjoy the rich flavours of fish without compromising health. In this article, we break down the six key groups of people who should avoid eating fish, why they need to be cautious, and how to enjoy seafood safely.



6 people who should never eat fish

Pregnant women who should avoid certain fish
Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable because mercury can cross the placenta and affect fetal brain development. Consuming high-mercury fish such as shark, swordfish, king mackerel, and tilefish may lead to long-term developmental challenges in babies. On the other hand, low-mercury options like salmon, shrimp, and canned light tuna provide essential omega-3 fatty acids necessary for healthy fetal growth. Including these safer fish allows expecting mothers to enjoy seafood while ensuring their baby’s brain and overall development are protected.


Breastfeeding mothers who should monitor fish intake
Even after birth, breastfeeding mothers must be careful. Mercury from high-risk fish can pass into breast milk and affect the infant’s nervous system. Low-mercury fish such as salmon, shrimp, pollock, and catfish are excellent choices, supplying important nutrients for both mother and child. Incorporating these fish into daily meals supports infant brain and eye development while allowing mothers to enjoy seafood without worry.


Young children who should avoid high-mercury fish
Children under eleven are particularly sensitive to mercury, which can impair cognitive development and motor skills. While fish is an excellent source of protein and omega-3 fatty acids, parents should stick to low-mercury options. Tilapia, salmon, and sardines are ideal for young children, providing vital nutrients safely. Avoiding high-mercury varieties ensures children benefit from the nutritional value of fish without exposure to harmful mercury.


People with seafood allergies who should avoid fish
For individuals with seafood allergies, even a small amount of fish can trigger reactions ranging from mild rashes and swelling to severe anaphylaxis. Avoiding all fish and shellfish is the safest approach. Plant-based omega-3 sources such as flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts can provide similar nutritional benefits safely. This allows those with allergies to maintain a healthy diet without risking a serious reaction.


Individuals with compromised immune systems who should be cautious

People with weakened immunity are more vulnerable to infections from bacteria, parasites, or viruses found in raw or undercooked fish. Sushi , sashimi, or lightly cooked seafood can be dangerous. Cooking fish thoroughly to a safe temperature and choosing pasteurised or fully cooked options reduces these risks. By taking these precautions, immune-compromised individuals can still enjoy fish safely and benefit from its nutrients.


People on certain medications who should monitor fish intake
Certain medications, particularly blood thinners, can interact with high omega-3 intake from fish, increasing the risk of bleeding. People on these medications should consult their doctor and follow recommended portion sizes. Fish such as salmon or mackerel still provide essential fatty acids, but moderation and professional guidance ensure they can safely enjoy their favourite seafood dishes.



Fish is delicious, nutritious, and a staple of Indian diets, but it is not suitable for everyone. Pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, young children, people with allergies, individuals with compromised immunity, and those on certain medications need to make informed choices. Following the FDA guidelines and opting for low-mercury, well-cooked fish ensures seafood remains safe, tasty, and healthy. With mindful selection and preparation, everyone who can safely enjoy fish can continue to relish the rich flavours of Indian coastal cuisine without worry.



Disclaimer: This article is for general informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider regarding any medical condition or lifestyle change.



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