Thyroid health is surrounded by many myths and misconceptions that can cause confusion and unnecessary worry. From claims about certain foods to misleading advice on supplements and treatments, misinformation often prevents people from seeking proper medical care. The thyroid gland is a small but vital organ that regulates hormones, metabolism, energy, and growth. When it is not functioning properly, it can lead to various health concerns. However, not every symptom or piece of advice is linked to the thyroid. Separating fact from fiction is essential to ensure accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and better overall thyroid health management.



Fatigue, weight gain, hair loss aren’t always thyroid issues: separating myths from facts
A study published in MD Anderson Cancer Centre lists out common myths related to thyroid you should stop believing.


Myth 1: If you’re tired, gaining weight, losing hair or struggling to focus, it must be your thyroid

Fact: While these symptoms can be associated with thyroid disorders, they are not always caused by thyroid issues. Fatigue, weight gain, hair loss and brain fog can also result from ageing, stress, poor sleep, nutritional deficiencies, or side-effects of treatments such as chemotherapy. A thorough medical evaluation is needed before assuming the thyroid is to blame.


Myth 2: People with thyroid disorders should avoid certain vegetables

Fact: There is no need to avoid vegetables if you have a thyroid condition. Cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, cauliflower, kale and Brussels sprouts are often criticised for interfering with thyroid function, but they are safe when eaten in moderation. Only certain thyroid cancer patients may be asked to temporarily follow a low-iodine diet during treatment or testing. For most people, a balanced diet including these vegetables is beneficial.


Myth 3: Over-the-counter hormone supplements can treat thyroid disorders

Fact: Many thyroid supplements available online or in shops are not regulated. They often contain hormones from animal sources and lack scientific evidence about their safety or effectiveness. Taking them without medical supervision can be harmful. Prescription medications such as levothyroxine remain the safest and most effective treatment for an underactive thyroid.


Myth 4: Iodine supplements can fix an underactive thyroid

Fact: Iodine deficiency is rare in developed countries, including the UK, where foods such as dairy, bread, seafood and iodised salt provide sufficient iodine. Taking iodine supplements unnecessarily can actually harm the thyroid gland. Iodine should only be taken under medical guidance, and it cannot cure thyroid disease on its own.


Myth 5: If you have hypothyroidism, you need a thyroid ultrasound

Fact: A thyroid ultrasound is not routinely required for people with hypothyroidism. It is only needed if a doctor suspects a thyroid nodule or other structural issue. For most patients, blood tests to monitor thyroid hormone levels are sufficient.


Myth 6: Everyone should be screened regularly for thyroid cancer

Fact: Routine screening for thyroid cancer is not recommended for people without symptoms or risk factors. Unnecessary scans may lead to over-diagnosis and overtreatment. An annual physical examination with your GP is generally enough unless there are specific concerns or a family history of thyroid cancer.


Myth 7: All thyroid cancers are the same

Fact: There are several types of thyroid cancer, each with different behaviours and treatments. Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common and usually has an excellent prognosis, while anaplastic thyroid cancer is aggressive and requires a different treatment approach. Medullary thyroid cancer is another distinct type. Correct diagnosis is essential for effective management.


Myth 8: People with thyroid cancer cannot use GLP-1 receptor agonists for weight loss or diabetes

Fact: GLP-1 receptor agonists, used for diabetes and obesity management, are not recommended for those with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid cancer or multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN). However, this restriction does not apply to other types of thyroid cancer, meaning many patients can still use these medications safely under medical guidance.


Myth 9: Thyroid cancer doesn’t require long-term care

Fact: Even after successful treatment, many people require long-term follow-up. Some patients will need lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy, while others will require periodic monitoring to check for recurrence. Ongoing care is crucial to maintaining health after treatment.


Myth 10: Thyroid cancer is not treatable

Fact: This is false. Most thyroid cancers are highly treatable and have excellent survival rates. With appropriate treatment and follow-up, many people go on to live long, healthy lives.



Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any changes to your health routine or treatment.



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