Common signs of iron deficiency in children: How to recognise and prevent it early
ETimes November 08, 2025 11:39 AM
Iron is one of the most essential minerals for a child’s growth and development. It plays a vital role in producing haemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. Without enough iron, the body struggles to make sufficient healthy red blood cells, leading to a condition known as iron deficiency anaemia . This deficiency is one of the most common nutritional problems in children worldwide and, if left untreated, can affect physical health, brain development, and even behaviour. Recognising the signs early is crucial for ensuring your child gets the nutrients they need for healthy growth.
10 signs your child may be suffering from iron deficiency
Iron supports several key functions in the body. It helps in oxygen transport, energy production, immune strength, and cognitive development. During periods of rapid growth, such as infancy, toddlerhood, and adolescence, a child’s body needs more iron. If their diet doesn’t meet this increased demand, iron stores can quickly become depleted. Infants who are not breastfed or children who consume mostly milk-based diets without enough iron-rich foods are particularly at risk.
According to , early signs of iron deficiency in children may include fatigue, pale skin, poor concentration, and slower growth rates, highlighting the importance of early detection and balanced nutrition.
1. Constant fatigue and weakness
One of the most noticeable signs of iron deficiency in children is persistent tiredness. When the body lacks sufficient iron, less oxygen reaches tissues and muscles, leading to fatigue, weakness, and low energy. Children may appear more lethargic than usual, show less interest in playing, or tire quickly during once easy activities. Parents often notice their child struggling to keep up with peers or becoming unusually quiet and inactive.
2. Pale skin and lips
Iron deficiency can cause paleness due to reduced haemoglobin levels in the blood. This paleness may be most visible on the face, inner eyelids, and lips. A quick check, gently pulling down your child’s lower eyelid, can reveal if it looks pale or whitish rather than pinkish-red, which can be a subtle early warning of low iron.
3. Poor appetite and slow growth
Children with low iron levels often experience a loss of appetite, which can lead to further nutrient deficiencies and slower growth. Since iron plays a role in metabolism and energy production, inadequate levels can disrupt normal eating patterns and reduce interest in food. Over time, this may result in weight loss or a noticeable decline in height and muscle development compared to peers.
4. Frequent infections or weak immunity
Iron contributes to a healthy immune system. Deficiency can weaken the body’s ability to fight off germs, making children more prone to colds, flu, and infections. If your child seems to fall ill frequently or takes longer than usual to recover from minor illnesses, low iron may be a contributing factor.
5. Irritability and behavioural changes
Low iron levels can affect brain function and mood regulation. Children may become easily irritable, restless, or have trouble concentrating in school. Teachers might notice declining academic performance or difficulty paying attention in class. In severe cases, iron deficiency anaemia has been linked to developmental delays and learning difficulties.
6. Cold hands and feet
Since iron deficiency affects circulation and oxygen delivery, children may often complain about cold hands and feet, even in warm weather. This symptom occurs because reduced haemoglobin levels mean less oxygen reaches the extremities, causing them to feel cooler than the rest of the body.
7. Brittle nails and dry skin
Physical signs like brittle nails, dry or flaky skin, and cracked lips can also indicate iron deficiency. In some cases, nails may appear spoon-shaped (a condition known as koilonychia). While these signs may seem minor, they reflect the body’s struggle to maintain healthy tissue and cell regeneration without adequate iron.
8. Craving non-food items (Pica)
Some children with iron deficiency develop pica, a condition where they crave or eat non-food substances such as ice, dirt, chalk, or paper. This unusual behaviour is thought to be the body’s way of signalling nutritional deficiency. If you notice such habits, consult a paediatrician immediately.
9. Shortness of breath and rapid heartbeat
As the body’s oxygen levels drop, the heart works harder to deliver oxygen to organs and tissues. This can result in shortness of breath, especially during play or mild physical activity, and a faster-than-normal heart rate. In more severe cases, iron deficiency anaemia can cause dizziness or fainting spells.
10. Difficulty in learning and poor concentration
Iron deficiency can have a direct impact on cognitive performance. Studies show that children with low iron levels may struggle with memory, focus, and problem-solving. This can affect school performance and social interaction. Addressing iron deficiency early supports not just physical health, but also emotional and intellectual growth.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional before making any changes to your diet, medication, or lifestyle.
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