Your placenta is a lifeline to your baby during pregnancy, supplying oxygen and nutrients to your baby and supporting their growth. Normally, it attaches high in your uterus. When your placenta sits lower and reaches the cervix, an opening that your baby passes through during birth, you are often told you have placenta previa.

There are two main types you will hear about:

• Complete placenta previa
• Partial placenta previa

Understanding these two forms helps you prepare for what's in store and make decisions with confidence.



What is complete placenta previa?In complete placenta previa, the placenta completely covers the internal os.

This is important because:

• Your baby cannot pass through the cervix during labour
• A planned caesarean section becomes the safest option
• The placenta is less likely to move higher as your pregnancy advances

The most common symptoms are:

• Painless bleeding, especially in the second half of pregnancy.
• An increased number of ultrasounds to check the position of the placenta.
• Your doctor may recommend that you limit your activity.
• You may be advised not to have sex, avoid strenuous activity or carry heavy weights.

These measures are taken to reduce the risk of bleeding.



What is partial placenta previa?Partial placenta previa is when the placenta is located in such a way that it covers only a part of the cervix. This condition usually allows the uterus to retreat upward as your womb expands. Many cases diagnosed in the second trimester have already been resolved by the end of the third trimester.

You may have:

• Light or occasional spotting
• Compared to a complete previa, fewer restrictions
• A possible vaginal birth if the placenta moves upwards enough
• Regular follow-up for the mobilisation of the placenta

Studies indicate that most partial or low-lying placentas move upward at approximately 32–34 weeks.



Why Does Placenta Previa Happen?There isn't a single cause. Most of the time, it just pops up with no reason whatsoever.

Nonetheless, there are some factors that could possibly increase the chances of it happening, like:

• A prior cesarean delivery
• Having had a uterine surgery before
• Smoking
• Having a naturally large placenta

These are not direct causes, but they may play a role in the tendency to have placenta previa.



How Do You Find Out If You Have Placenta Previa?Most of the time, you find out during a routine ultrasound. You may not feel anything unusual unless bleeding occurs.

Possible symptoms include:

• Painless, bright-red bleeding
• Bleeding after intercourse
• Bleeding during the second or third trimester

If you observe any amount of bleeding, you need to get medical care right away.

Even mild bleeding requires attention because it may be an initial sign of placenta previa or another condition requiring urgent evaluation.



What is the effect of complete or partial placenta previa on a woman's pregnancy?Both need monitoring, though the effects may vary.

Complete Placenta Previa:

• Higher risk of recurrent bleeding
• More hospital visits or follow-up scans
• Activity restrictions, including the avoidance of intercourse and heavy physical work
• Delivery is almost always planned via caesarean section
• Increased risk of preterm birth

Partial Placenta previa:

• Less risk of frequent bleeding
• Higher chance of a normal delivery if the placenta moves up
• Fewer restrictions (based on your doctor’s advice)
• Continued monitoring, but usually less intensive

Will Your Placenta Move as Pregnancy Advances?If you have partial placenta previa or a low-lying placenta, there is a good chance it will move upward. The uterus expands naturally, and this stretching often lifts the placenta away from the cervix.

Complete previa is less likely to move completely; however, slight movement may reduce some risks. Doctors usually re-examine the placental position at about 32–34 weeks to finalise the delivery plan.



What Should You Do If You Are Diagnosed With Placenta Previa?Here is a simple checklist to help you manage the condition safely.

• Avoid heavy lifting
• Avoid intercourse unless the doctor affirms that it is safe
• Rest when possible, especially if you feel discomfort
• Keep all follow-up scans on schedule
• Monitor any bleeding, even small amounts
• Inform your partner or family so they can support you
• Keep emergency numbers at hand
• Stay emotionally calm, knowing your condition
• Follow every recommendation your doctor provides

When Should You Seek Emergency Care?

• Heavy vaginal bleeding
• Bleeding with cramps
• Dizziness or faintness
• Bleeding following exercise
• Contractions before 37 weeks

How Can You Cope Emotionally With the Diagnosis?It is natural to feel anxious when you hear that your placenta is "too low".

Placenta previa does require more care; however, most individuals with this condition go on to deliver safely with proper monitoring.

Helpful ways of coping include:

• Discuss your apprehensions openly with your partner
• Asking your doctor questions—no concern is too small
• Practising relaxation techniques, such as slow breathing
• Getting family support to cope with daily duties
• Staying focused on what you can control

A calmer mind helps you be prepared and reduces stress throughout your pregnancy.

Complete and partial placenta previa might sound intimidating, but just knowing what it is may provide the courage to face it. You will have regular monitoring, make practical adjustments to your life, and support from others, which will safely see you through. Your healthcare team will guide you every step of the way to ensure the safest possible outcome for you and your baby.

Whether you’re pregnant, a new mom, or navigating postpartum, you don’t have to do it alone. Join our support group to connect, share, and support one another.



FAQs on Complete vs Partial Placenta Previa in the Simplest Way

Can placenta previa harm the baby directly?

No, placenta previa does not directly hurt your baby. The main risk is to the mother from bleeding, which is why close monitoring is necessary. Please see your doctor for individualised advice.

I have placenta previa. What foods should I avoid?

There are no specific foods that you should avoid. However, it is useful to include iron-rich foods in your diet in case there is any bleeding, so that your blood levels will remain healthy. Always check with your doctor or midwife for advice about your diet

Can placenta previa return in future pregnancies?

Yes, there is a slightly higher chance, especially if you have had caesarean sections previously. Early scans in future pregnancies help detect this sooner.