ET Graphics: Borrowing now fuels growth as capital spending overtakes fiscal deficit
ET Bureau February 02, 2026 11:38 AM
Synopsis

Union Budget 2026: Government borrowing is now funding capital expenditure. This indicates better spending quality and a stronger deficit. The effective capital spending exceeds the fiscal deficit. This means borrowing is creating assets that will boost economic growth potential. This approach is a positive development for the nation's economy.

India Budget 2026: The budget holds the fiscal position, but importantly, govt borrowing is now largely going into financing capex, as is evident in the effective revenue deficit estimated at 0.3% of GDP.

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The effective capital spending—Centre’s and capital grant to states—at ₹17.1 lakh crore is more than the fiscal deficit of ₹16.96 lakh crore, indicating an improvement in quality of expenditure and the deficit.
Budget 2026 Highlights: Here's the fine print

Put simply, borrowing is going into asset creation that will boost the economy’s growth potential.


Conservative tax

Non tax receipts

FY27

Spending rises

Capex rush

Though lower subsidies

Debt burden
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