Liver cancer is common in Vietnam, ranking third in both incidence and mortality according to Globocan statistics for 2022. Dr. Luu Thao Ngoc from the Oncology Department at Tam Anh General Hospital in Hanoi highlights four key habits that can raise the likelihood of liver cancer.

1. Consuming moldy food

Grains such as peanuts, beans, corn, and rice can develop aflatoxin when they become moldy. Aflatoxin is a known carcinogen that can contribute to liver cancer. Dr. Ngoc notes that aflatoxin remains stable even under normal cooking temperatures, meaning cooking moldy food won’t eliminate the toxin. Eating such food increases the risk of cirrhosis and liver cancer.

To prevent exposure, grains and seeds should be stored in dry, cool places, and products with unusual odors or color changes should be discarded.

2. Drinking alcohol regularly

Alcohol is a leading cause of alcoholic liver disease, fatty liver, and cirrhosis. When alcohol is metabolized by the liver, it produces acetaldehyde, a toxic substance that can damage liver cell DNA. Regular alcohol consumption disrupts liver regeneration, potentially leading to cirrhosis and liver cancer.

Dr. Ngoc advises limiting alcohol intake, particularly for individuals with underlying conditions like hepatitis B or C, or cirrhosis.

3. Reusing cooking oil

Reusing cooking oil can result in the creation of acrolein, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and aldehydes—substances that can cause cell mutations and increase cancer risk, including liver cancer. The liver works to process these harmful substances, which can cause long-term damage.

Cooking oil should be used no more than twice, and the consumption of fried dishes should be limited. Opting for healthier cooking methods such as steaming, boiling, or grilling with minimal oil can help reduce health risks.

4. Overusing medications and supplements

Chronic misuse of painkillers, fever reducers, antibiotics, herbal remedies, or unregulated supplements can lead to drug-induced hepatitis, liver failure, or potentially accelerate cancer development. Dr. Ngoc advises taking medications only as prescribed by a doctor and avoiding unverified products.

Liver cancer often progresses quietly and is typically diagnosed at an advanced stage. Dr. Ngoc recommends that individuals get vaccinated for hepatitis B and undergo regular health checkups, particularly those at high risk, such as people with hepatitis B or C, cirrhosis, or a family history of liver disease.