Vitamin B12 deficiency in men over 50: Numbness, cramps, and restless legs at night
ETimes November 16, 2025 11:39 AM
Vitamin B12 is a vital nutrient that plays a key role in brain function, nerve health, red blood cell production, and heart health. As men age, their ability to absorb vitamin B12 naturally declines, making deficiency increasingly common after 50. Low B12 levels can lead to subtle but significant symptoms, particularly affecting the legs, feet, and sleep. Men may notice numbness, tingling, muscle weakness, balance issues, or restless legs at night. Early recognition of these warning signs is crucial, as prolonged deficiency can result in nerve damage, reduced mobility, and poor sleep quality. Monitoring vitamin B12 intake through diet or supplements and consulting a healthcare provider can help maintain nerve health, energy, and overall quality of life.
Why Vitamin B12 is essential for men over 50
Vitamin B12 plays several key roles in the body. It supports brain health by aiding cognitive function, which helps reduce memory loss and lowers the risk of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease. It is also essential for red blood cell production and DNA synthesis, which are critical for maintaining energy, vitality, and overall physical health. A explored the relationship between vitamin B12 levels and functional and structural biomarkers of central nervous system injury in older men, emphasising the vitamin’s vital role in supporting cognitive health and reducing age-related neurological decline.
Furthermore, B12 contributes to heart health by regulating homocysteine levels, a compound linked to cardiovascular risk. Adequate levels also support nerve health, preventing neuropathic pain, balance issues, and mobility challenges. Maintaining healthy B12 levels allows men to stay physically and mentally active, supporting independence and quality of life during their later years.
How vitamin B12 deficiency in men over 50 impacts legs, feet, and sleep
Numbness and tingling in the legs and feet
One of the earliest signs of vitamin B12 deficiency is numbness or tingling in the legs and feet. Often described as a pins-and-needles sensation, this symptom can worsen at night while resting. It occurs due to nerve damage caused by insufficient B12, which is essential for keeping nerve cells healthy. Men may notice a gradual loss of sensation, affecting their comfort and sleep quality.
Muscle weakness and reduced strength
Low vitamin B12 levels can lead to muscle weakness, particularly in the legs. Men over 50 may find daily activities, such as climbing stairs or walking long distances, increasingly difficult. This occurs because B12 is required for energy production and muscle repair. Without enough of this vitamin, muscles tire more easily, and recovery from physical activity slows down.
Balance problems and unsteady gait
Vitamin B12 deficiency can impact balance and coordination, especially at night. Damage to nerves, including the myelin sheath that protects them, disrupts the transmission of signals to the brain. This can result in unsteady walking, increased risk of falls, and general difficulty maintaining stability. Recognising balance problems early is important to prevent injuries.
Restless legs syndrome and night discomfort
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a condition characterised by an irresistible urge to move the legs, often accompanied by uncomfortable sensations such as tingling or crawling feelings. Symptoms typically worsen at night, disrupting sleep. B12 deficiency affects nerve health and neurotransmitter function, both of which are critical for muscle control and movement, making men more susceptible to RLS.
Burning sensations in the feet
A burning sensation in the feet, particularly at night, may indicate peripheral neuropathy caused by B12 deficiency. This symptom arises from nerve damage, as insufficient vitamin B12 leads to degeneration of nerve tissue. The discomfort can range from mild irritation to more severe pain, affecting overall mobility and sleep quality.
Leg pain and chronic discomfort
Low vitamin B12 can also cause persistent, softer leg pain that worsens at night. This pain results from nerve degeneration and can interfere with daily activities. Men may experience a range of discomfort, from mild aches to chronic, nagging pain that impacts overall well-being.
Cold feet and poor circulation
Cold feet, even in warm conditions, may signal poor circulation due to low B12 levels. Vitamin B12 is essential for red blood cell production, and deficiency can lead to anaemia and inadequate blood flow. This reduced circulation often results in cold extremities, highlighting the importance of monitoring B12 levels for nerve and cardiovascular health.
Disrupted sleep due to cramps and spasms
Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause muscle cramps and spasms, particularly at night. These interruptions not only cause discomfort but also disrupt sleep, leading to fatigue during the day. Since B12 supports muscle function and relaxation, ensuring adequate intake can help prevent night-time cramps and improve sleep quality.
If any of these symptoms appear, it is essential to consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment. Blood tests can confirm vitamin B12 deficiency, and supplementation, either through diet, oral tablets, or injections, can restore healthy levels. Early intervention helps prevent long-term nerve damage and supports better overall health.
Men over 50 should be proactive about maintaining sufficient vitamin B12 levels, not just for energy and heart health but also to prevent nerve damage, maintain balance, reduce leg and foot discomfort, and improve sleep quality.
Disclaimer: This article is for general informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider regarding any medical condition or lifestyle change.
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