Sneezing, coughing and nasal congestion are very common complaints during monsoons. These symptoms can also be caused by allergies caused by humid environments, fungal spores, or viral and bacterial respiratory infections. Symptoms are often similar in both conditions, so lab tests play an important role in identifying the exact cause and determining the appropriate treatment. Dr. Lakshmipriya R., Senior Consultant Microbiologist and Molecular Biologist, Metropolis Healthcare Limited (Chennai)has given detailed information.(Photo courtesy – istock)
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If allergies are suspected, a complete blood count (CBC) test can provide some important clues. If the number of eosinophils in the blood is increased, the possibility of allergy increases. However, only on the basis of this test, it cannot be concluded that there is an allergy. For patients who experience frequent or persistent symptoms, an allergen-specific IgE test may be helpful. This test can identify allergy triggers such as dust mites, molds or pollen found during monsoons.
If an infection is suspected, which test to perform depends on the patient’s symptoms. The rapid antigen test provides results within minutes and is useful for early detection of diseases such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2. However, RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction) test is considered more reliable for viral infections to respiratory system as it is more sensitive and specific.
For patients who have a persistent cough, fever, or lower respiratory tract symptoms to the lungs, a respiratory PCR panel test can identify multiple types of virus from a single sample. If a bacterial infection is suspected, especially if there is a high fever, worsening symptoms, or purulent sputum. Bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility test are used to determine the causative bacteria and the appropriate antibiotic can be selected accordingly.
A C-reactive protein (CRP) test can help understand the extent of inflammation in the body. Also, in some selected patients, Procalcitonin (Procalcitonin) test can be used to predict whether the disease is viral or bacterial. This test may be more useful especially in hospitalized patients.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), antibiotics should not be routinely given in simple and uncomplicated viral respiratory infections. Appropriate lab tests help identify the root cause of illness, avoid unnecessary antibiotic use, and promote antimicrobial stewardship (responsible and appropriate use of antibiotics).
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Timely and proper tests can clearly identify allergy or infection. This allows timely initiation of appropriate treatment, avoids the use of unnecessary antibiotics and improves patient health outcomes during monsoons.
