Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) cases are steadily increasing in India. Health officials have assured the public that there is no need for alarm; however, people are seeking information about HMPV symptoms, treatment, and preventive measures. This growing awareness highlights the need for public health education regarding HMPV and necessary precautions.

Union Health Minister JP Nadda recently assured the public that HMPV is not a new threat and does not pose a major risk. World Health Organisation (WHO) spokesperson Margaret Harris also clarified that the increase in respiratory infections is normal during these seasons and there is no need to worry. However, questions remain about the cost of HMPV testing and available treatments.
Diagnosis of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) requires advanced tools such as the Biofire Panel, which can detect various pathogens, including HMPV. However, these tests are expensive. In India, basic RT-PCR tests for HMPV range from Rs 3,000 to Rs 8,000, while comprehensive panels can cost up to Rs 20,000. This is significantly more expensive than a Covid-19 test, which typically costs between Rs 500 and Rs 1,000.

According to the Economic Times, an HMPV RT-PCR test costs between Rs 3,000 to Rs 8,000 at labs like Dr Lal PathLabs, Tata 1mg Labs, and Max Healthcare Labs. Comprehensive tests which cover HMPV and other respiratory pathogens, may go up to Rs 20,000, it added.

The high cost of HMPV testing can pose a substantial financial burden for middle and lower-middle-class individuals. Samples for HMPV testing are typically collected through nasopharyngeal swabs, sputum, or tracheal aspirates.

There are currently no specific antiviral treatments for human metapneumovirus (HMPV). Home care and rest are recommended to alleviate symptoms. Staying hydrated and using over-the-counter medications can also provide relief. However, hospitalisation may be necessary if the virus causes severe illness. In such cases, oxygen therapy, intravenous fluids, and corticosteroids may be used to address respiratory problems.

First identified in 2001, HMPV is an RNA virus that affects the respiratory system. It commonly causes respiratory illnesses, particularly during the winter and spring months. The virus primarily affects young children, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems.

Eight cases of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) have been reported in India, with cases identified in Karnataka, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, and Maharashtra. The majority of those affected are children between the ages of 3 months and 13 years. Symptoms of HMPV resemble those of COVID-19, including fever, cough, shortness of breath, nasal congestion, and fatigue. However, the severity of the two viruses differs significantly. While HMPV typically presents with mild symptoms, severe cases can lead to complications such as bronchitis or pneumonia, causing difficulty breathing, high fever, and severe respiratory problems.

To minimise the risk of infection, individuals should wash their hands frequently and carry hand sanitisers. Wearing masks in crowded areas is also advisable. Covering one’s mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing is essential, as is staying home and self-isolating if symptoms of the virus arise. Additionally, maintaining a nutritious diet can bolster the immune system.